The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared “The 21st century is the century of dengue fever’s prevention”. This is an epidemic of global scale with an alarming situation in tropical and subtropical countries. In Vietnam, dengue fever usually breaks out in the summer, from April to October every year.
Dengue fever is an acute infectious disease seen in both adults and children, caused by the dengue virus (dengue hemorrhagic fever, DHF or dengue fever). This virus has 4 serotypes including: DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, DEN-4. Dengue virus is spread to humans usually by the bite of female mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, mainly Aedes aegypti.
1. Dengue fever symptoms
Dengue fever has two levels of disease: mild dengue fever and severe dengue fever. Up to the level of fever, there will be different symptoms.
– Symptoms of mild dengue fever
Symptoms of mild dengue fever are often confused with illnesses such as fever, cold or red rash. The most common symptoms of mild dengue fever including Fever with eye pain, headache, rash, bone pain, nausea, joint pain, etc.
Patients with dengue fever will experience symptoms for 4 to 7 days. If dengue fever is mild, the patient with proper care can recover from the fever about 1 week after the fever.
– Symptoms of severe dengue fever
When having severe dengue fever, the patient will have mild symptoms plus these followings.
- Appearance of hemorrhagic spots on the skin.
- Nose or root of teeth bleeding.
- Vomiting blood or blood in stools (due to internal bleeding).
- Vomiting a lot, abdominal pain, cold and wet limbs.
- Whole-body tiredness, lethargic.
When the patient unfortunately turns to severe dengue fever, it needs to be treated promptly, if it is late, it can lead to death or serious sequelae.
2. Important notes when having dengue fever
Currently, there is no specific treatment for dengue fever, so the treatment is still based on symptoms, compliance with the doctor’s treatment regimen and emphasis on nutrition.
– Rehydration: When having dengue fever, the patient often has a high fever and there is a risk of plasma leakage, making it difficult for the blood to clot and increasing dehydration. Therefore, the patient can add water through filtered water, oresol, coconut water… It should be noted that do not arbitrarily transfuse water without a doctor’s prescription.
– Liquid foods and full of nutrients: When being sick, patients are easily tired, anorexia, poor absorption, so they need foods that are processed in a pure, liquid, and easy-to-eat form such as soup, porridge, or milk … it is necessary to limit dried, hard-to-digest foods. The addition of these foods helps patients easily absorb and supplement good nutrients for the body.
– Do not arbitrarily use drugs: The use of pain relievers and fever reducers such as aspirin and ibuprofen without a doctor’s prescription can affect health, making bleeding in patients worse, especially it can cause stomach bleeding, which can be life-threatening.
– Carefully monitor body temperature: In case of having fever, it is necessary to wear loose, sweat-absorbent clothes, not to use tight blankets and wipe the body with a warm towel to reduce fever. If the patient’s fever is over 38.5 degrees, use paracetamol-containing medicine to reduce fever, the dose should be in accordance with the doctor’s instructions.
– Follow-up examination under the guidance of the doctor: Even after the fever stops, the patient still needs to pay attention to the follow-up examination. In case the patient has lethargy, tiredness or nausea, severe abdominal pain, bleeding, cold hands, and feet, it is necessary to seek medical attention as soon as possible.
3. Protect yourself against Dengue fever epidemic
– Destroy the habitat of mosquitoes, kill larvae: the life cycle of mosquito is that the female mosquito lays eggs, the eggs hatch after 2-3 days, becoming larvae. Larvae develop into midges. Mosquitoes usually live indoors, sheltering in dark and damp places. Characteristics of midges is that female mosquitoes lay eggs where there is standing water such as: household water containers (jars, water tanks, car tires, …); in broken bowls, bottles, drains and all other places where there is standing water…; Clear bushes, weeds, clear sewers.
- Cover all water containers to prevent mosquitoes from entering and laying eggs. For tools with the task of storing water for a long time, it is recommended to release small fish to kill larvae.
- Clean small and medium-sized water containers regularly such as flower vases, rainwater jars, jars. Mosquitoes often lay eggs at the water’s edge, so the cleaning process needs to be thoroughly cleaned in these places. Turn standing water containers upside down. Some water containers are difficult to clean regularly, such as water bowls, etc., adding salt or cooking oil to the water will prevent mosquitoes from laying eggs.
- Fill small potholes and big potholes around the house to avoid standing water when it rains.
- Keeping the house clean, well-ventilated, and arranging furniture neatly will help limit the shelter of mosquitoes. At the same time, collect and destroy waste items in and around the house.
– Avoid being bitten by mosquitoes: The simplest and most effective way is to wear long-sleeved clothes and sleep under a mosquito net even during the day. You can use additional auxiliary devices such as mosquito repellent spray, electric racket, mosquito repellent to limit the possibility of mosquito bites.
– Actively coordinate with the authorities and the health sector in the spraying of chemicals to prevent and control the epidemic.
– Improve health: Preventive measures help each person reduce the risk of dengue fever. A healthy body with a good immune system will help people quickly overcome diseases and recover health soon. Therefore, each person needs to take care of their own physical health by eating well, living a healthy life, getting enough sleep, and exercising regularly.
Reference: tamanhhospital.vn & soyt.langson.gov.vn
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